Macular Degeneration is a condition is which the eye's macula (which controls all your central vision) breaks down, causing a gradual or sudden loss of central vision. It is usually age-related, affecting people over 65, so the terms are often used interchangeably, Age Related Macular Degeneration, abbreviated to ARMD. However, certain drugs can cause macular degeneration, and some cases are inherited.
Macular Degeneration is a growing problem and some of the reasons for this are more ultraviolet light in our environment due to a thinning ozone layer, people living longer, environmental pollutants, smoking, poor diet, obesity, etc.
Doctors are not sure how to prevent macular degeneration, but research suggests that certain things contribute to putting you at a higher risk for it. Those are if you're over 65, a smoker, white or have a family member with macular degeneration.
Some things you can do to lessen your risks are to wear sunglasses at all times when outside, sunglasses work the same to your eyes as sunscreen does to your skin, and most people don't think about that! A good multi-vitamin, antioxidants, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin and essential fatty acids all can aid in preventing macular degeneration.
In our office today we got a new machine that measures the amount of pigment you have in your macula and can tell us if you are at low, moderate or high risk for macular degeneration. This machine is the first of its kind and research is showing that if caught early and the supplements initiated the pigment can be increased in your macular area. If you are at low or moderate risk their is a supplement that contains the proper amount of lutein and zeaxantine the primary supplements needed to keep your macular area healthy. Ask your eye doctor at your next visit about this machine and the supplements he or she recommends
Friday, June 15, 2007
Thursday, June 7, 2007
Sunglasses for Kids
children may not be as interested as adults are in the fashion aspect of sunglasses. However, they need sun protection just as much as adults do and sometime even more, since they are spending more time playing outdoors and in direct sunlight.
The good news about children's sunglasses is that there is much variety available for all tastes, as many sunglass companies have seen an opportunity here and entered this marketplace with great products. Design has been stepped up a notch to appeal more to kids so that they continue to wear the shades purchased for them by their parents.
One important factor to remember is that sunglass lenses are impact resistant (as required by the FDA), but they are not shatterproof. Many parents prefer polycarbonate lenses for their children's eye wear and sun wear since they are strong, durable and impact-resistant. Special sports eye wear and sunglasses designed for rough activities are available as well.
UV protection is also very important for children. Most sunglasses feature 99% or 100% protection from UVA and UVB rays and are suitable for wear by children as well. Be sure to check labels on the lenses or with the salesperson to ensure you have chosen the appropriate frames for your child's health and safety.
***Remember Babies need UV protection too!!!***
The good news about children's sunglasses is that there is much variety available for all tastes, as many sunglass companies have seen an opportunity here and entered this marketplace with great products. Design has been stepped up a notch to appeal more to kids so that they continue to wear the shades purchased for them by their parents.
One important factor to remember is that sunglass lenses are impact resistant (as required by the FDA), but they are not shatterproof. Many parents prefer polycarbonate lenses for their children's eye wear and sun wear since they are strong, durable and impact-resistant. Special sports eye wear and sunglasses designed for rough activities are available as well.
UV protection is also very important for children. Most sunglasses feature 99% or 100% protection from UVA and UVB rays and are suitable for wear by children as well. Be sure to check labels on the lenses or with the salesperson to ensure you have chosen the appropriate frames for your child's health and safety.
***Remember Babies need UV protection too!!!***
Tuesday, June 5, 2007
Ultraviolet Rays and Your Eyes
Fashion aside, sunglasses serve a true function - protecting eyes from the harmful rays produced by the sun. You're probably well aware of the needed to protect your skin from the sun, but it's equally important to protect our eyes.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation consists of invisible rays from the sun. The three bands of UV light are UVA, UVB and UVC. UVC rays are of little concern as they are absorbed by the upper atmosphere and do not reach the earth's surface.
UVB ray s are the ones that burn the skin and can damage the eyes. Combined with cold wind and snow, UVB has the potential to cause snow blindness (photokeratitis), a temporary (lasting 12 to 48 hours).
Although not all experts and scientists agree, there is some research that suggests that daily exposure to UVB in very bright sunlight over a period of many years may cause cataracts, a gradual clouding of the lens of the eye.
What to look for when you're buying sunglasses; Sunglass standards for lenses place limits solely on UVB and UVA ray, but bear in mind that both the standards and labeling are voluntary, not mandatory. According to these standards, sunglasses must block at least 70% of UVB and at least 60% of UVA.
To best protect your eyes look for sunglasses that provide at least 98% protection from both UVA and UVB rays. Some of the higher priced products with polycarbonate, or plastic lenses can claim to block 100% of the UV rays.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation consists of invisible rays from the sun. The three bands of UV light are UVA, UVB and UVC. UVC rays are of little concern as they are absorbed by the upper atmosphere and do not reach the earth's surface.
UVB ray s are the ones that burn the skin and can damage the eyes. Combined with cold wind and snow, UVB has the potential to cause snow blindness (photokeratitis), a temporary (lasting 12 to 48 hours).
Although not all experts and scientists agree, there is some research that suggests that daily exposure to UVB in very bright sunlight over a period of many years may cause cataracts, a gradual clouding of the lens of the eye.
What to look for when you're buying sunglasses; Sunglass standards for lenses place limits solely on UVB and UVA ray, but bear in mind that both the standards and labeling are voluntary, not mandatory. According to these standards, sunglasses must block at least 70% of UVB and at least 60% of UVA.
To best protect your eyes look for sunglasses that provide at least 98% protection from both UVA and UVB rays. Some of the higher priced products with polycarbonate, or plastic lenses can claim to block 100% of the UV rays.
Monday, June 4, 2007
Glaucoma Frequently Asked Questions
1. What exactly is glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a condition in which the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP) is too high or is doing damage to the optic nerve. This means that your eye has too much aqueous humor in it, either because it produced too much, or because it is not draining properly. Other symptoms are optic nerve damage and vision loss. If you are experiencing vision loss from glaucoma then it is most likely in the advanced stage.
2. What is the difference between glaucoma and ocular hypertension?
Ocular Hypertension is another term for high IOP; the pressure is not high enough to cause any damage to the optic nerve. If you have ocular hypertension you need to be monitored closely by your eyecare professional as it can turn into glaucoma.
3. Who is at the most risk for glaucoma?
If you are over 60, African-American, diabetic or have a family memeber with glaucoma, you are at a higher risk than others.
4. Is there anyway to prevent glaucoma?
Doctors don't know of any way to prevent glaucoma, but yearly eye exams can catch it before it does any damage at all to your optic nerve therefore you never loose vision. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol, eat a healthy diet, keep your weight down, exercise, take nutritional products and be sure to see your eye care professional on a regular basis.
5. What glaucoma treatments are currently available?
Doctors usually prescribe special eyedrops that reduce intraocular pressure. These are used one or several times a day, depending on the medication. If the drops do not reduce your pressure, surgery is the next step.
Glaucoma is a condition in which the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP) is too high or is doing damage to the optic nerve. This means that your eye has too much aqueous humor in it, either because it produced too much, or because it is not draining properly. Other symptoms are optic nerve damage and vision loss. If you are experiencing vision loss from glaucoma then it is most likely in the advanced stage.
2. What is the difference between glaucoma and ocular hypertension?
Ocular Hypertension is another term for high IOP; the pressure is not high enough to cause any damage to the optic nerve. If you have ocular hypertension you need to be monitored closely by your eyecare professional as it can turn into glaucoma.
3. Who is at the most risk for glaucoma?
If you are over 60, African-American, diabetic or have a family memeber with glaucoma, you are at a higher risk than others.
4. Is there anyway to prevent glaucoma?
Doctors don't know of any way to prevent glaucoma, but yearly eye exams can catch it before it does any damage at all to your optic nerve therefore you never loose vision. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol, eat a healthy diet, keep your weight down, exercise, take nutritional products and be sure to see your eye care professional on a regular basis.
5. What glaucoma treatments are currently available?
Doctors usually prescribe special eyedrops that reduce intraocular pressure. These are used one or several times a day, depending on the medication. If the drops do not reduce your pressure, surgery is the next step.
Sunday, June 3, 2007
Causes of Dry Eyes
Dry eye syndrome has several causes. It occurs as a part of the natural aging process, especially during menopause; as a side effect of many medication, such as antihistamines, antidepressants, certain blood pressure medications, Parkinson's medications, and birth control pills, or because you live in a dry, dusty or windy climate. If your home or office has air conditioning or a dry heating system, that too can dry out your eyes. Another cause is insufficient blinking, such as when you are reading, watching television or staring at a computer screen all day.
Dry eyes are also a symptom of systemic diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, rosacea or Sjogren's syndrome which is a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and rheumatoid arthritis or lupus).
Long term contact lens wear is another cause; in fact, dry eyes are the most common complaint around contact lens wearers. Recent research indicated that contact lens wear and dry eyes can be a vicious cycle. Dry eye syndrome makes contact lenses feel uncomfortable, and the rubbing of the lenses against the conjunctiva seems to be a cause of dry eyes.
Incomplete closure of the eyelids, eyelid disease and a deficiency of the tear-producing glands are other causes. Tears are composed of three layers: the outer, oily, lipid layer; the middle, watery, lacrimal layer; and the inner, mucous or mucin layer. Each layer is produced by a different part of the eye (the lacrimal gland produces the lacrimal layer, for example), so a problem with any of those sources can result in dry eyes.
Dry eye syndrome is more common in women, possibly due to hormone fluctuations. Recent research suggests that smoking and taking multivitamins can increase your risk of dry eye syndrome, and that eating a lot of omega-3 fatty acids may decrease your risk.
Dry eyes are also a symptom of systemic diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, rosacea or Sjogren's syndrome which is a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and rheumatoid arthritis or lupus).
Long term contact lens wear is another cause; in fact, dry eyes are the most common complaint around contact lens wearers. Recent research indicated that contact lens wear and dry eyes can be a vicious cycle. Dry eye syndrome makes contact lenses feel uncomfortable, and the rubbing of the lenses against the conjunctiva seems to be a cause of dry eyes.
Incomplete closure of the eyelids, eyelid disease and a deficiency of the tear-producing glands are other causes. Tears are composed of three layers: the outer, oily, lipid layer; the middle, watery, lacrimal layer; and the inner, mucous or mucin layer. Each layer is produced by a different part of the eye (the lacrimal gland produces the lacrimal layer, for example), so a problem with any of those sources can result in dry eyes.
Dry eye syndrome is more common in women, possibly due to hormone fluctuations. Recent research suggests that smoking and taking multivitamins can increase your risk of dry eye syndrome, and that eating a lot of omega-3 fatty acids may decrease your risk.
Friday, June 1, 2007
What is Dry Eye Syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture in the eye. Its consequences range from subtle but constant irritation to ocular inflammation of the anterior (front) tissues of the eye.
Persistent dryness, scratching, and burning in your eyes are signs of dry eye syndrome. These symptoms alone may be enough for your eye doctor to diagnose dry eye syndrome. Sometimes he or she may want to measure the amount of tears in your eyes. A thin strip of filter paper placed at the edge of the eye, called a Schirmer Test, is one way of measuring this, another is by putting a green dye in your eye and the dry spots will take up the dye.
Some people also experience a "foreign body sensation," the feeling like there is something in the eye. And, it may seem odd, but sometimes watery eyes can result from dry eye syndrome, because the excessive dryness works to overstimulate the watery component of your eye's tears.
Tears bathe the eye, washing out dust and debris and keeping the eye moist. They also contain enzymes that neutralize the microorganisms that colonize the eye. Tears are essential for good eye health.
In dry eye syndrome, the eyes doesn't produce enough tears, or the tears have a chemical composition that causes them to evaporate too quickly.
Tomorrow the causes of Dry Eyes.....
Persistent dryness, scratching, and burning in your eyes are signs of dry eye syndrome. These symptoms alone may be enough for your eye doctor to diagnose dry eye syndrome. Sometimes he or she may want to measure the amount of tears in your eyes. A thin strip of filter paper placed at the edge of the eye, called a Schirmer Test, is one way of measuring this, another is by putting a green dye in your eye and the dry spots will take up the dye.
Some people also experience a "foreign body sensation," the feeling like there is something in the eye. And, it may seem odd, but sometimes watery eyes can result from dry eye syndrome, because the excessive dryness works to overstimulate the watery component of your eye's tears.
Tears bathe the eye, washing out dust and debris and keeping the eye moist. They also contain enzymes that neutralize the microorganisms that colonize the eye. Tears are essential for good eye health.
In dry eye syndrome, the eyes doesn't produce enough tears, or the tears have a chemical composition that causes them to evaporate too quickly.
Tomorrow the causes of Dry Eyes.....
Sunday, May 20, 2007
Presbyopia (Older Vision)
During middle age, usually beginning in the 40s, people experience blurred vision at near points, such as when reading, sewing or working at the computer. There's no getting around it - this happens to everyone at some point in life, even those who have never had a vision problem before.
Currently an estimated 90 million people in the United States either have presbyopia or will develop it by 2014. This is generating a huge demand for eye wear, contact lenses, and surgery that can help presbyopes deal with their failing near vision.
When people develop presbyopia, they find they need to hold books, magazines, newspapers, menus and other reading materials at arm's length in order to focus properly. When they perform near work, such as embroidery or handwriting, they may have headaches or eyestrain, or feel fatigued.
Presbyopia is caused by an age-related process. This is different from astigmatism, nearsightedness and farsightedness, which are related to the shape of the eyeball and caused by genetic factors, disease, or trauma. Presbyopia is generally believed to stem from a gradual loss of flexibility in the natural lens inside your eye.
These age-related changes occur within the proteins in the lens, making the lens harder and less elastic with the years. Age-related changes also take place in the muscle fibers surrounding the lens. With less elasticity, the eye has a harder time focusing up close.
Currently an estimated 90 million people in the United States either have presbyopia or will develop it by 2014. This is generating a huge demand for eye wear, contact lenses, and surgery that can help presbyopes deal with their failing near vision.
When people develop presbyopia, they find they need to hold books, magazines, newspapers, menus and other reading materials at arm's length in order to focus properly. When they perform near work, such as embroidery or handwriting, they may have headaches or eyestrain, or feel fatigued.
Presbyopia is caused by an age-related process. This is different from astigmatism, nearsightedness and farsightedness, which are related to the shape of the eyeball and caused by genetic factors, disease, or trauma. Presbyopia is generally believed to stem from a gradual loss of flexibility in the natural lens inside your eye.
These age-related changes occur within the proteins in the lens, making the lens harder and less elastic with the years. Age-related changes also take place in the muscle fibers surrounding the lens. With less elasticity, the eye has a harder time focusing up close.
Saturday, May 19, 2007
Computer Vision Syndrome
More than 143 million Americans work on a computer each day, with 88% of them suffering from computer eyestrain, according to estimates. In addition, nearly 54 million children work at a computer each day either at home or in school. Prolonged computer use can stress a child's eyes and impact his or her vision development.
If you or your child spend more than two hours each day in front of a computer scree, you likely experience some degree of computer vision syndrome (CVS). Symptoms of CVS include headaches, loss of focus, burning, tired eyes, double or blurred vision, neck and shoulder pains.
CVS is caused by our eyes and brain reacting differently to characters on the screen than they do to printed characters. Our eyes have little problem focusing on most printed material, which is characterized by dense black characters with well-defined edges. Healthy eyes can easily maintain focus on the printed page. Characters on a computer screen, however, don't have this contrast or well-defined edges. These characters (pixels) are brightest at the center and diminish in intensity toward their edges. This makes it very difficult for our eyes to maintain focus and remain fixed onto these images. Instead our eyes drift out to a point called the "resting point of accommodation" or RPA.
Our eyes involuntarily move to the RPA, and then strain to regain focus on the screen. This continuous flexing of the eyes' focusing muscles creates fatigue and the burning, tired-eyes feeling that is so common after long hours at the computer.
Th solution to CVS is simple, see an eye care professional that specializes in computer vision care. In most cases, standard reading glasses or over-the-counter readers are not accurate enough, because viewing a computer is usually at a different distance (18"-28") than reading distance (14"-21"). Once an eye doctor accurately diagnosis your computer vision problem and determines your correct computer working distances, it's a simple matter to prescribe computer glasses that will allow you to work comfortably and productively.
If you or your child spend more than two hours each day in front of a computer scree, you likely experience some degree of computer vision syndrome (CVS). Symptoms of CVS include headaches, loss of focus, burning, tired eyes, double or blurred vision, neck and shoulder pains.
CVS is caused by our eyes and brain reacting differently to characters on the screen than they do to printed characters. Our eyes have little problem focusing on most printed material, which is characterized by dense black characters with well-defined edges. Healthy eyes can easily maintain focus on the printed page. Characters on a computer screen, however, don't have this contrast or well-defined edges. These characters (pixels) are brightest at the center and diminish in intensity toward their edges. This makes it very difficult for our eyes to maintain focus and remain fixed onto these images. Instead our eyes drift out to a point called the "resting point of accommodation" or RPA.
Our eyes involuntarily move to the RPA, and then strain to regain focus on the screen. This continuous flexing of the eyes' focusing muscles creates fatigue and the burning, tired-eyes feeling that is so common after long hours at the computer.
Th solution to CVS is simple, see an eye care professional that specializes in computer vision care. In most cases, standard reading glasses or over-the-counter readers are not accurate enough, because viewing a computer is usually at a different distance (18"-28") than reading distance (14"-21"). Once an eye doctor accurately diagnosis your computer vision problem and determines your correct computer working distances, it's a simple matter to prescribe computer glasses that will allow you to work comfortably and productively.
Friday, May 18, 2007
What Is The Eye Doctor Checking For?
In addition to evaluating your eyes for glasses and contacts, your eye doctor will check your eyes for eye diseases and other problems that could lead to vision loss. Some examples of the conditions that your eye doctor will be looking for are:
* Refractive Error: This refers to your prescription, including nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. Refractive error is corrected with eyeglasses, contacts or refractive surgery.
* Amblyopia: This occurs when the eyes are turned or when one eye has a much different prescription than the other. The brain will "shut off" the image from the turned or blurry eye. When left untreated, amblyopia can stunt the visual development of the affected eye, resulting in permanent vision impairment.
* Eye Diseases: Many eye disease, such as glaucoma and diabetic eye disease, have no symptoms in their early stages. Your eye doctor will check the health of your eyes inside and out for signs of early problems. In most cases, early detection and treatment can help reduce your risk for permanent vision loss.
* Other Diseases: Eye doctors can detect early signs of some conditions and diseases by looking at your eye's blood vessels (the eye is the only area in the body where the blood vessels can be viewed). Your eye doctor may be able to tell your if you are developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or a few other problems.
* Refractive Error: This refers to your prescription, including nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. Refractive error is corrected with eyeglasses, contacts or refractive surgery.
* Amblyopia: This occurs when the eyes are turned or when one eye has a much different prescription than the other. The brain will "shut off" the image from the turned or blurry eye. When left untreated, amblyopia can stunt the visual development of the affected eye, resulting in permanent vision impairment.
* Eye Diseases: Many eye disease, such as glaucoma and diabetic eye disease, have no symptoms in their early stages. Your eye doctor will check the health of your eyes inside and out for signs of early problems. In most cases, early detection and treatment can help reduce your risk for permanent vision loss.
* Other Diseases: Eye doctors can detect early signs of some conditions and diseases by looking at your eye's blood vessels (the eye is the only area in the body where the blood vessels can be viewed). Your eye doctor may be able to tell your if you are developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or a few other problems.
Thursday, May 17, 2007
Why Are Eye Exams Important?
Regardless of your age or physical health, it is important for everyone to have regular eye exams.
When an eye doctor examines your eyes, he or she is doing more than checking to see if you need glasses. During a complete eye exam, your eye doctor will not only determine your prescription for glasses or contacts, but will also check your eyes for common eye diseases. they will assess how your eyes work together as team and evaluate your eyes as an indicator of your overall health.
Eye examinations are an important part of health maintenance for everyone. Adults should have their eyes tested to keep their prescriptions current and to check for early signs of eye disease. For children, eye exams can play an important role in normal development.
Vision is closely linked to the learning process. Children who have trouble seeing or interpreting what they see will often have trouble with their schoolwork. Many times, children will not complain of vision problems simply because they don't know what "normal" vision looks like. If your child performs poorly in school or exhibits a reading or learning disability, be sure to have their eyes examined to rule out an underlying visual cause.
When an eye doctor examines your eyes, he or she is doing more than checking to see if you need glasses. During a complete eye exam, your eye doctor will not only determine your prescription for glasses or contacts, but will also check your eyes for common eye diseases. they will assess how your eyes work together as team and evaluate your eyes as an indicator of your overall health.
Eye examinations are an important part of health maintenance for everyone. Adults should have their eyes tested to keep their prescriptions current and to check for early signs of eye disease. For children, eye exams can play an important role in normal development.
Vision is closely linked to the learning process. Children who have trouble seeing or interpreting what they see will often have trouble with their schoolwork. Many times, children will not complain of vision problems simply because they don't know what "normal" vision looks like. If your child performs poorly in school or exhibits a reading or learning disability, be sure to have their eyes examined to rule out an underlying visual cause.
Wednesday, May 16, 2007
Two Types of Diabetic Retinopathy
In diabetic retinopathy the blood vessels of the retina become abnormal andn cause the problems that people with diabetes have with their eyesight. With diabetes, the retinal blood vessels can develop tiny leaks. These leaks cause fluid or blod to seep into the retina. The retina then becomes wet and swollen. This is called nonproliferative (or background) diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
Another problem with the retinal blood vessels in diabetes is that they can close. The retinal tissue, which depends on those vessels for nutrition, will no longer work properly. The areas of the retina in which the blood vessels have closed then foster the growth of abnormal new blood vessels, called neovascularization, that can be very bad for the eye because this can cause bleeding and form scar tissue that can result in blindness (total loss of vision). The form of diabetic retinopathy caused by closure of the blood vessels is called proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
If your doctor diagnosis diabetic retinopathy and feels laser surgery might be helpful, a special test called Fluorescein Angiogram may be done. To do this test, dye is injected into a vein in the patient's are. The dye travels throughout the body, including the eyes. With a special camera, a series of photographs of the retina are taken as the dye passes through. The photographs can show what kinds of changes have occurred and help determine the exact location and amount of laser surgery is neccessary. I have done literally thousands of this test on patient's and most of the time goes without complications. Occasionally you will get someone that may be allergic to the dye, so it is important to let your doctor know if you have a shellfish or Iodine allergy before having this test done.
The best way to control diabetic retinopathy is to keep good control of your blood sugar, eat right and exercise. If you have problems in your eyes from diabetes this is a good indication that you are having problems going on in the rest of your body!!!! People need to be more educated about Diabetes and the long term effects it can have on your body when it is out of control.
Another problem with the retinal blood vessels in diabetes is that they can close. The retinal tissue, which depends on those vessels for nutrition, will no longer work properly. The areas of the retina in which the blood vessels have closed then foster the growth of abnormal new blood vessels, called neovascularization, that can be very bad for the eye because this can cause bleeding and form scar tissue that can result in blindness (total loss of vision). The form of diabetic retinopathy caused by closure of the blood vessels is called proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
If your doctor diagnosis diabetic retinopathy and feels laser surgery might be helpful, a special test called Fluorescein Angiogram may be done. To do this test, dye is injected into a vein in the patient's are. The dye travels throughout the body, including the eyes. With a special camera, a series of photographs of the retina are taken as the dye passes through. The photographs can show what kinds of changes have occurred and help determine the exact location and amount of laser surgery is neccessary. I have done literally thousands of this test on patient's and most of the time goes without complications. Occasionally you will get someone that may be allergic to the dye, so it is important to let your doctor know if you have a shellfish or Iodine allergy before having this test done.
The best way to control diabetic retinopathy is to keep good control of your blood sugar, eat right and exercise. If you have problems in your eyes from diabetes this is a good indication that you are having problems going on in the rest of your body!!!! People need to be more educated about Diabetes and the long term effects it can have on your body when it is out of control.
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
The Retina and Macula
The retina has two parts: the peripheral retina and the macula. I you imagine the retina as a circle with a bull's-eye at the center, the macula is like the bull's-eye, it is very small. The large area of the retina that surrounds the macula and makes up 95% of the retina is called the peripheral retina.
The peripheral retina give us vision to the side, called peripheral vision. It is this part of the retina what is at work when we see something out of the corner of our eyes. Because the peripheral retina is not able to see detail clearly, we cannot use the peripheral vision to read, thread a needle, drive, or even recognize a face. If you see someone off to your side, you may be able to tell who it is because you recognize the person's general shape, but you won't be able to see the expression on the person's face.
In order to see fine detail, you must look straight ahead, using the macula, the "bull's-eye" center of the retina. Even though the macula makes up only a small part of the retina, it is one hundred times more sensitive to detail than the peripheral retina. The macula allows you to see tiny detail, read fine print, recognize faces, thread a needle, read the time, see street signs and drive a car. If you look and the word MACULA, you are looking at it with your macula. If you keep your eye fixed on the word "macula", you are aware of the other words on the page because of your peripheral vision, but you won't be able to read any of the other words well. If you can read them clearly, it is because you moved your eye and are looking at those words instead of at the word "macula." The only way to see detail is by using your macula.
Blood vessels line the retina. The blood vessels bring oxygen and nutrition to the retina. In order for the peripheral retina and macula to work properly, the blood vessels must be normal. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when the retinal blood vessels become abnormal. With Diabetic Retinopathy you may have no symptoms, the only time you will have symptoms is when the bleeding reaches the macula or the Optic nerve. That is why it is so important for people with Diabetes to have routine dilated eye exams. Macular Degeneration occurs when areas of the macula start to degenerate, this occurs mostly with age and can be hereditary. People with Macular Degeneration loose their central vision. The best way to demonstrate this is for you to close one eye, hold your fist about 2" from and in front of your opposite eye, then look directly at the center of your fist. You can't see anything in the center, but only the things in your peripheral vision. So the next time you know someone who has Macular Degeneration, you'll know what they are seeing. Try doing simple tasks this way. Everyone takes their eyesight for granted, it is one our most precious of senses!!!!
The peripheral retina give us vision to the side, called peripheral vision. It is this part of the retina what is at work when we see something out of the corner of our eyes. Because the peripheral retina is not able to see detail clearly, we cannot use the peripheral vision to read, thread a needle, drive, or even recognize a face. If you see someone off to your side, you may be able to tell who it is because you recognize the person's general shape, but you won't be able to see the expression on the person's face.
In order to see fine detail, you must look straight ahead, using the macula, the "bull's-eye" center of the retina. Even though the macula makes up only a small part of the retina, it is one hundred times more sensitive to detail than the peripheral retina. The macula allows you to see tiny detail, read fine print, recognize faces, thread a needle, read the time, see street signs and drive a car. If you look and the word MACULA, you are looking at it with your macula. If you keep your eye fixed on the word "macula", you are aware of the other words on the page because of your peripheral vision, but you won't be able to read any of the other words well. If you can read them clearly, it is because you moved your eye and are looking at those words instead of at the word "macula." The only way to see detail is by using your macula.
Blood vessels line the retina. The blood vessels bring oxygen and nutrition to the retina. In order for the peripheral retina and macula to work properly, the blood vessels must be normal. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when the retinal blood vessels become abnormal. With Diabetic Retinopathy you may have no symptoms, the only time you will have symptoms is when the bleeding reaches the macula or the Optic nerve. That is why it is so important for people with Diabetes to have routine dilated eye exams. Macular Degeneration occurs when areas of the macula start to degenerate, this occurs mostly with age and can be hereditary. People with Macular Degeneration loose their central vision. The best way to demonstrate this is for you to close one eye, hold your fist about 2" from and in front of your opposite eye, then look directly at the center of your fist. You can't see anything in the center, but only the things in your peripheral vision. So the next time you know someone who has Macular Degeneration, you'll know what they are seeing. Try doing simple tasks this way. Everyone takes their eyesight for granted, it is one our most precious of senses!!!!
Monday, May 14, 2007
How the Eye Works
Before I can talk about what can go wrong, it is important for you to understand how the eye works, when it is working properly.
The best way I can describe it, is that the eye is like a camera. When you take a picture, the lens in the front of the camera allow light through and focuses that light on the film that covers the back inside wall of the camera. When the light hits the films, a picture is taken. (I am using film as a example as I do not totally understand the digital stuff).
The eye works in much the same way. The front parts of the eye (the cornea, pupil, and lens) are clear and allow light to pass through. The light also passes through the large space in the center of the eye called the vitreous cavity. The vitreous cavity is filled with a clear, jelly-like substance called the vitreous or vitreous gel. The light is focused by the cornea and the lens onto a thin layer of thissue called the retina, which covers the back inside wall of the eye. The retina is like the film in a camera. It is the seeing tissue of the eye. When the focused light hits the retina, a picture is taken. Messages about his picture are sent to the brain through the optic nerve. This is basically how we all see.
The best way I can describe it, is that the eye is like a camera. When you take a picture, the lens in the front of the camera allow light through and focuses that light on the film that covers the back inside wall of the camera. When the light hits the films, a picture is taken. (I am using film as a example as I do not totally understand the digital stuff).
The eye works in much the same way. The front parts of the eye (the cornea, pupil, and lens) are clear and allow light to pass through. The light also passes through the large space in the center of the eye called the vitreous cavity. The vitreous cavity is filled with a clear, jelly-like substance called the vitreous or vitreous gel. The light is focused by the cornea and the lens onto a thin layer of thissue called the retina, which covers the back inside wall of the eye. The retina is like the film in a camera. It is the seeing tissue of the eye. When the focused light hits the retina, a picture is taken. Messages about his picture are sent to the brain through the optic nerve. This is basically how we all see.
Sunday, May 13, 2007
Diabetes And The Eye
Diabetes is a condition that can interfere with the body's ability to use and store sugar. Diabetes can also, over time, weaken and cause changes in the small blood vessels that nourish the eye's light sensitive retina. When this occurs, it is called Diabetic Retinopathy.
Diabetic Retinopathy can seriously affect your vision and, if left untreated, cause permanent blindness.
Since Diabetes can cause blindness, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. During a thorough, comprehensive eye exam, your eye doctor gets to know you, your family history, your lifestyle and your vision needs.
To detect diabetic retinopathy, your doctor can look inside your eyes with instrument called an ophthalmascope, which lights and magnifies the blood vessels in your eyes
The beginning stages of diabetic retinopathy may cause blindness in your central or peripheral (side) vision, or it may produce no visual symptoms at all. As diabetic retinopathy progresses, you may notice a cloudiness in your vision, blind spots or floaters. This is usually caused by blood leaking from abnormal new vessels which blocks light from reaching the retina.
Once diabetic retinopathy has been diagnosed by your optometrist, laser and other surgical treatments can be used to reduce the progression of this disease and decrease the risk of vision loss.
As a diabetic, or a person at risk, it is important that you take steps to help prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy, including:
* Take your prescribed medication as instructed
* Follow a proper diet
* Exercise regularly
* Have your eyes examined regularly.
By doing so, chances are good that you can enjoy a lifetime of good vision and health.
Diabetic Retinopathy can seriously affect your vision and, if left untreated, cause permanent blindness.
Since Diabetes can cause blindness, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. During a thorough, comprehensive eye exam, your eye doctor gets to know you, your family history, your lifestyle and your vision needs.
To detect diabetic retinopathy, your doctor can look inside your eyes with instrument called an ophthalmascope, which lights and magnifies the blood vessels in your eyes
The beginning stages of diabetic retinopathy may cause blindness in your central or peripheral (side) vision, or it may produce no visual symptoms at all. As diabetic retinopathy progresses, you may notice a cloudiness in your vision, blind spots or floaters. This is usually caused by blood leaking from abnormal new vessels which blocks light from reaching the retina.
Once diabetic retinopathy has been diagnosed by your optometrist, laser and other surgical treatments can be used to reduce the progression of this disease and decrease the risk of vision loss.
As a diabetic, or a person at risk, it is important that you take steps to help prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy, including:
* Take your prescribed medication as instructed
* Follow a proper diet
* Exercise regularly
* Have your eyes examined regularly.
By doing so, chances are good that you can enjoy a lifetime of good vision and health.
Saturday, May 12, 2007
Glaucoma Facts and Stats
"Four Key Facts About Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness
Glaucoma can cause blindness if it is left untreated. And unfortunately approximately 10% of people with glaucoma who receive proper treatment still experience loss of vision.
There is no cure for Glaucoma (yet). The first treatment in Glaucoma is drops, which you will have to use everyday for the rest of your life. Drops control intraocular eye pressure (IOP) in about 90% of patients.
Glaucoma is not curable, and vision lost cannot be regained. With medication and/or surgery, it is possible to stop further loss of vision. Since Glaucoma is a chronic condition, it must be monitored for life.
Diagnosis is the first step to preserving your vision.
Everyone is at risk for Glaucoma from babies to senior citizens. Yes, older people are at a higher risk for glaucoma but babies can be born with glaucoma (approximately 1 out of every 10,000 babies born in the United States).
Young adults can get Glaucoma, too. African-Americans in particular are susceptible at a younger age.
There may be no symptoms to warn you!!!
With Open Angle Glaucoma, the most common form, there are virtually no symptoms until the disease in its advanced stage. Usually, no pain is associated with increased eye pressure.
There is pain associated with Narrow Angle Glaucoma. People will experience extreme pain, nausea and vomiting if they experience what is called a Narrow Angle Glaucoma Attack. With a Narrow Angle Glaucoma attack, you can go blind within a matter of hours if not treated. This is very different from Open Angle Glaucoma which is a slow process and no pain.
Vision loss begins with peripheral or side vision. You may compensate for this unconsciously by turning your head to the side, and may not notice anything until significant vision is lost. The best way to protect your sight is to have yearly eye exams.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness
Glaucoma can cause blindness if it is left untreated. And unfortunately approximately 10% of people with glaucoma who receive proper treatment still experience loss of vision.
There is no cure for Glaucoma (yet). The first treatment in Glaucoma is drops, which you will have to use everyday for the rest of your life. Drops control intraocular eye pressure (IOP) in about 90% of patients.
Glaucoma is not curable, and vision lost cannot be regained. With medication and/or surgery, it is possible to stop further loss of vision. Since Glaucoma is a chronic condition, it must be monitored for life.
Diagnosis is the first step to preserving your vision.
Everyone is at risk for Glaucoma from babies to senior citizens. Yes, older people are at a higher risk for glaucoma but babies can be born with glaucoma (approximately 1 out of every 10,000 babies born in the United States).
Young adults can get Glaucoma, too. African-Americans in particular are susceptible at a younger age.
There may be no symptoms to warn you!!!
With Open Angle Glaucoma, the most common form, there are virtually no symptoms until the disease in its advanced stage. Usually, no pain is associated with increased eye pressure.
There is pain associated with Narrow Angle Glaucoma. People will experience extreme pain, nausea and vomiting if they experience what is called a Narrow Angle Glaucoma Attack. With a Narrow Angle Glaucoma attack, you can go blind within a matter of hours if not treated. This is very different from Open Angle Glaucoma which is a slow process and no pain.
Vision loss begins with peripheral or side vision. You may compensate for this unconsciously by turning your head to the side, and may not notice anything until significant vision is lost. The best way to protect your sight is to have yearly eye exams.
Friday, May 11, 2007
Blepharitis of the Eyelid
Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, particularly at the lid margins. It's a common disorder and may be associated with a low-grade bacterial infection or a generalized skin condition.
Blepharitis occurs in two forms: anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis. Anterior blepharitis affects the outside front of the eyelid where the eyelashes are attached. The two most common causes are bacteria and scalp dandruff.
Posterior blepharitis affects the inner eyelid and is caused by problems with the oil glands in the eyelid. Two skin disorders are the cause: scalp dandruff and Rosasea.
Regardless of which type of blepharitis you have, you will probably have such symptoms as eye irritation, burning, tearing, crusty debris, in the lashes, in the corner of the eyes or on the lids, dryness, and eyelid margins that are red.
It is important to see your eye doctor and get treatment. If your blepharitis is bacterial, possible long-term effects are thickened lid margins, dilated and visible capillaries, eyelash loss. The lower third of the cornea may exhibit significant erosion.
Blepharitis can be difficult to manage because it tends to recur. Treatment depends on the type of blepharitis you have. It may include applying warm compresses to the eyelids, cleansing them, using an antibiotic and/or massaging the lids. If your blepharitis makes your eyes feel dry, the doctor may also prescribe artificial tears or lubricating ointments, or suggest silicone plugs for the tear ducts. Sometimes steroids are used to control inflammation, but the potential side effects speak against long-term use.
The warm compress portion of treatment is designed to loosen crusts on your eyes before you cleanse them; it can also warm up and loosen the plugs blocking the meibomian glands. Wash your hands, then dampen a clean washcloth with warm water and place it over your closed eyes. When you first begin treatment, your doctor will probably suggest that you do this four times a day, for about five minutes each time. Later on, you might apply the compress once a day, for a few minutes. Your doctor will tell you the specific treatment needed for your eyes.
Cleansing the eyelids is essential to blepharitis treatment. Your doctor will recommend what to clean them with: warm water only, salt water, baby shampoo diluted with warm water or a special over-the-counter product specifically made for cleansing the lids. First wash your hands, then dip a clean washcloth, cotton swab or gauze pad into your cleaning solution. Gently wipe it across your lashes and lid margin. Rinse with cool water. Use a different washcloth, swab, or pad for your other eye, and repeat the process. When you first begin treatment, your doctor may have you cleanse your lids several times a day. Later on, he or she will probably instruct you to cleanse them about once a day.
Thursday, May 10, 2007
Eye Allergies and Conjunctivitis
If you suffer from allergic conjunctivitis, your doctor will recommend that you avoid allergens that you know trigger a reaction. This may be hard to do where the allergens, such as pollen, are seasonal and airborne. Because of this, allergic conjunctivitis is usually treated with oral antihistamines. An antihistamine acts against the allergic reaction caused by the production of histamine. Your doctor may also recommend eye drops to relieve redness, swelling, and itching. Viral conjunctivitis will usually go away on its own, without treatment. However, your doctor may also prescribe eyedrops and antihistamine pills to help relieve symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eyedrops or ointment. All types of conjunctivitis can be relieved by gently bathing the eye area with cool to lukewarm water and a clean washcloth to remove any discharge. Then, gently pat the eye area dry with a clean towel. Conjunctivitis caused by an infection is highly contagious, so you must be careful to wash your hands before and after bathing the eyes and applying medication. Keep any towels and washcloths used for the eyes separate from the rest of your towels and washcloths. Do not wear contact lenses until after the eyes have healed. If the infection is in only one eye, be careful not to touch the infected eye, then touch the healthy eye. Infectious"
Wednesday, May 9, 2007
Seasonal Allergies
Now is the time of the year when everyone is bothered by allergies, especially the itchy eyes, you all know what I mean (right in the corners of your eyes). You feel like you could dig your eyes out. So far this has been a year for higher than normal pollen count. More people than average are coming forward with allergy related eye problems. Most people will try to medicate themselves with what we call OTC medications (over the counter), medication bought without a prescription. The most commonly bought eye drop is Visine, which by chance the most widely advertised. Visine has a drop for every eye problem there is. Any eye doctor you talk to about this drop will tell you that this is the worst drop you can use. Visine is classified as a "vasoconstrictor", which means it constricts the red blood vessels in your eyes, it basically makes your eyes look whiter. Prolonged use of this drop causes what we call "the rebound effect", whcih means that your blood vessels will actually constrict then get larger each time you use the drop, thereby the need for continued use. Visine is suitable to use every once in a while, but not on a regular basis. People on a average spend more money on OTC drops than presciption ones. OTC drops are less likely to give you any relief compared to presciption drops. Two of the top most commonly prescribed eye drops which I feel are the most effective are 1) Pataday once a day drop (used to be Patadol twice a day) and 2) Optivar twice a day. There are also two OTC eye drops to treat mild ocular allergies. The two OTC drops that work very well are Naphcon-A and Opcon-A, both of these drops were previously by presciption only also several years ago. The newer presciption eye drops work much more effectively, but if you do not want to pay to see an eye doctor the OTC drops I suggested are you best bet. If your eye allergies are severe, then you may need a steroid drop along with the allergy drop to get the inflammation under control quicker, which in turn will give you relief sooner.
If using either presciption or OTC drops, and your symptoms do not improve within 5-7 days then please contact your eye doctor.
If using either presciption or OTC drops, and your symptoms do not improve within 5-7 days then please contact your eye doctor.
Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Ophthalmologist vs Optomitrist
For those of you who don't know the difference in who provides your eye care. An Opththalmologist is a medical doctor (MD or DO) specializing in the prevention, diagnosis, and medical as well as surgical treatment of vision problems and eye diseases. The Ophthalmolgist has completed a 1 year internship after graduation from medical school and at least 3 years of specialized ophthalmology training, called a residency in ophthalmology. Often, the ophthalmologist has also completed a fellowship (another 1 or 2 years of training) after residency in preparation for practice in a sub specialty area of ophthalmology. Some of these sub-specialties are Retinal, Corneal, Lids, Glaucoma, Neuro, Pediatric, and Cataract ophthalmologists. There are several General Ophthalmogists which can handle all of the above classifications, but when someone does not respond to treatment or has severe disease, they will be referred by a general ophthalmologist to a specialist.
The Optometrist is a independent practitioner who has completed a course of 4 years in optometry school after 3 or 4 years in college. Optometrists are trained in the prescription of eyeglasses an contacts lenses as well as in the detection of eye disease. In some states, optometrists may diagnose and medically treat some eye diseases, although they do not have a medical degree. Optometrists do not perform surgery.
I would like you to know that I have dealt with both in my 20 years experience, more extensively with ophthalmologists. There are good and bad in both fields. If you see an optometrist, make sure they are up to date with the newest diagnostic and treatment options. Be careful of optometrists associated with chain retailers, they are paid according to sales of contacts and glasses along with the number of exams they do each day, so they quality of the exam is not the same quality as that of an independent optometrist who is concerned with their patent's eye health not just "how many exams they can do in one day". The same goes for the ophthalmologist, there are some that will try to see as many patient's they can in a day to make more money and are not generally concerned about a patients specific needs.
Take notice to how long your doctor spends with you, do they stay to answer all of your questions and explain what is going on with your eyes? or do they run in, do a quick exam and run out again. Some of you think that if a doctor is that busy then they "must be good", this is not necessarily the case. A good doctor either ophthalmologist or optometrist takes time with their patients, answers all their questions and does an through eye exam.
The optician is an independent professional who has received 2 years of trainig before being licensed to make (dispense) eyeglasses and contact lenses accounding to prescriptions supplied by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. They cannot perform an eye exam.
The Optometrist is a independent practitioner who has completed a course of 4 years in optometry school after 3 or 4 years in college. Optometrists are trained in the prescription of eyeglasses an contacts lenses as well as in the detection of eye disease. In some states, optometrists may diagnose and medically treat some eye diseases, although they do not have a medical degree. Optometrists do not perform surgery.
I would like you to know that I have dealt with both in my 20 years experience, more extensively with ophthalmologists. There are good and bad in both fields. If you see an optometrist, make sure they are up to date with the newest diagnostic and treatment options. Be careful of optometrists associated with chain retailers, they are paid according to sales of contacts and glasses along with the number of exams they do each day, so they quality of the exam is not the same quality as that of an independent optometrist who is concerned with their patent's eye health not just "how many exams they can do in one day". The same goes for the ophthalmologist, there are some that will try to see as many patient's they can in a day to make more money and are not generally concerned about a patients specific needs.
Take notice to how long your doctor spends with you, do they stay to answer all of your questions and explain what is going on with your eyes? or do they run in, do a quick exam and run out again. Some of you think that if a doctor is that busy then they "must be good", this is not necessarily the case. A good doctor either ophthalmologist or optometrist takes time with their patients, answers all their questions and does an through eye exam.
The optician is an independent professional who has received 2 years of trainig before being licensed to make (dispense) eyeglasses and contact lenses accounding to prescriptions supplied by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. They cannot perform an eye exam.
Monday, May 7, 2007
Getting Started
Hi, my name is Janine and I have been in the eye and medical field for over 20 years. I have a lot of information that is not readily available online to people concerning the eye and what to do to keep their eyes healthy. Everyone thinks that the only concern they should have with their eyes is vision. We get the all too familiar "but I can see fine, no problems". What the general public does not know, is that very serious eye diseases have NO symptoms until the person possibly loses their vision partially, totally, and sometimes permanently.
Blindness is no picnic, especially if you lose vision mid-life that has previously been perfectly normal. It is easier for a person to adapt to blindness from birth, than to know vison and lose it. Losing vision that has been there all their life can be very devastating not only for the person affected, but for the family as well. I have a sister-in-law who was not blind until she was in her late forties. Now she is what is considered "black blind"- this means she cannot see anything, not light or otherwise. It has taken her many years to learn to live without her vision. She is one person I greatly admire for her strength to conquer this.
Everyone goes to their dentist each year to make sure they don't have any cavities, but the average person will only go to an eye doctor once every 4-5 years and a several will never go until they have an eye problem. This is becoming a very serious issue, and it is hard for me everyday to see good people lose their vision simply because they were not informed about the importance of regular check ups, until it was too late. If I can help just one person realize this need or the need to know the risk factors involved with the possibility of developing eye diseases, it will make this all worth while. So check back daily. If you have any subjects that you may be interested in knowing about just let me know.
Blindness is no picnic, especially if you lose vision mid-life that has previously been perfectly normal. It is easier for a person to adapt to blindness from birth, than to know vison and lose it. Losing vision that has been there all their life can be very devastating not only for the person affected, but for the family as well. I have a sister-in-law who was not blind until she was in her late forties. Now she is what is considered "black blind"- this means she cannot see anything, not light or otherwise. It has taken her many years to learn to live without her vision. She is one person I greatly admire for her strength to conquer this.
Everyone goes to their dentist each year to make sure they don't have any cavities, but the average person will only go to an eye doctor once every 4-5 years and a several will never go until they have an eye problem. This is becoming a very serious issue, and it is hard for me everyday to see good people lose their vision simply because they were not informed about the importance of regular check ups, until it was too late. If I can help just one person realize this need or the need to know the risk factors involved with the possibility of developing eye diseases, it will make this all worth while. So check back daily. If you have any subjects that you may be interested in knowing about just let me know.
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